Read, compare, question
Research, standards and practical sources on knowledge, human judgement and AI. Each source explains its relevance and the limits of what you can conclude from it.
60 resources · 11 topics · EN / NL
A short route: understand the proposition, compare established practice and test the claims.
ArtiProof · AP-WP-01 / 02 / 03 / 04 / 05
Five whitepapers, with versions and direct PDF links. The sector and society papers are available in English and Dutch. Our own research propositions are clearly labelled as ArtiProof material.
5 resources
ArtiProof / KopKen VZW · 2026 · EN · 1.2 EN
The current English introduction to Source, Craft and Generated Knowledge and the five assurance properties.
Start with the proposition being investigated, then compare it with established approaches and critical evidence.
Informative ArtiProof publication. Research-ready, not broadly independently validated; first independent replication pending.
ArtiProof / KopKen VZW · 2026 · EN · 1.1 EN
A proposed review of specific knowledge dependencies within an existing knowledge-management environment.
Read alongside ISO 30401; test added value against competent knowledge management and ordinary peer review.
Informative ArtiProof publication. Research-ready, not broadly independently validated; first independent replication pending. No ISO endorsement or route to conformity.
ArtiProof / KopKen VZW · 2026 · EN · 1.1 EN
A proposed knowledge-fitness review for recovery, supplier exit and AI-assisted operational work.
Connects operational resilience with the understanding needed to justify consequential recovery decisions.
Informative ArtiProof publication. Research-ready, not broadly independently validated; first independent replication pending. Not a legal opinion, compliance assessment or recovery guarantee.
ArtiProof / KopKen VZW · 2026 · EN / NL · 1.0 · EN / NL
Examines how a sector can retain the knowledge and craft capability needed to act when people, suppliers and technologies change.
Extends the knowledge question across organisational boundaries: who can understand, transfer and recover a consequential capability?
Conceptual whitepaper, version 1.0. Proposed applications require testing; publication does not establish independent validation.
ArtiProof / KopKen VZW · 2026 · EN / NL · 1.0 · EN / NL
Explores whether a society retains enough understanding and practical capability to sustain selected functions under changing dependencies.
Connects knowledge autonomy with informed reliance, institutional learning and the ability to respond when usual support is unavailable.
Conceptual whitepaper, version 1.0. It proposes bounded investigation, not a national ranking or a validated societal assurance measure.
ISO · 2018 · EN
Knowledge management as an established organisational discipline.
A strong comparator for ArtiProof: start by crediting what competent knowledge management already provides.
Paid standard; public overview. Consult the applicable edition for requirements.
Lisanne Bainbridge · 1983 · EN
A classic analysis of the demands automation leaves to human operators.
Explains why people still need to understand, intervene and recover when automation encounters an exception.
Analysis of automation published in 1983, not a direct experiment on contemporary generative AI.
W3C · 2013 · EN
A formal vocabulary for entities, activities and agents in provenance.
Directly relevant to recording how a knowledge claim or source was produced.
Provenance describes origin; it does not establish that a claim is true.
Center for Open Science · EN
Peer review of research questions and methods before results are known.
A concrete route for strengthening ArtiProof's proposed comparative studies.
A publishing format with quality and protocol conditions, not a guarantee of publication or correct conclusions.
Wesley M. Cohen & Daniel A. Levinthal · Administrative Science Quarterly · 1990 · EN
Develops absorptive capacity: recognising, assimilating and applying external knowledge, drawing on prior related knowledge.
A foundation for asking whether access to information is accompanied by the capability to understand and use it.
An organisational learning and innovation argument, not a direct test of ArtiProof or societal knowledge autonomy. Full-text access may be restricted.
Ikujiro Nonaka · Organization Science · 1994 · EN
A theoretical account of organisational knowledge creation involving tacit and explicit knowledge.
Credits an established knowledge-management foundation when discussing how practical understanding and articulated information interact.
Conceptual background, not a finding that all practical knowledge can be captured in documents. Publisher metadata and abstract; full access may be restricted.
Ramón Alvarado · 2023 · EN
A philosophical framing of AI as technology used to perform epistemic operations.
Helps explain why AI's role in knowledge deserves specific attention.
Philosophical analysis, not empirical evidence for ArtiProof effectiveness.
Tessler et al. / Google DeepMind · 2024 · EN
Research on AI-assisted deliberation and finding common ground.
Distinguishes support for deliberation from factual verification.
Agreement is not evidence that a claim is true; the study setting limits the conclusion.
Lisa Messeri and M. J. Crockett · 2024 · EN
Discusses how greater scientific output can coexist with illusions of understanding.
Connects research productivity with the separate question of what researchers understand.
Perspective article; not a controlled demonstration of inevitable cognitive decline.
Henning Kroll · European Commission Joint Research Centre · 2023 · EN
Develops a two-dimensional index of EU-27 autonomy in industrial ecosystems and strategic technologies.
A comparator for distinguishing production and innovation dependencies from the narrower knowledge questions in the sector and society papers.
An aggregate policy analysis with its own indicators and scope. Its results cannot be transferred directly to an organisation or an ArtiProof assessment.
NIST Baldrige Program / C.O.R.E. · EN
A Baldrige-aligned approach supporting community collaboration, shared priorities, data use and continuous improvement.
Shows an established way to organise work across institutions when exploring community resilience and knowledge dependencies.
A programme overview, not causal evidence that the approach works in every setting or validation of ArtiProof’s society proposal.
Raji et al. · 2020 · EN
A framework for internal algorithmic auditing across a system's lifecycle.
A substantial existing comparator for any new assurance workflow.
Internal auditing is not independent review; the proposed framework does not establish universal effectiveness.
Gebru et al. · 2021 · EN
A structured approach to documenting datasets and their intended use.
Useful inspiration for recording source context and limitations.
Author copy; journal publication 2021, first preprint 2018. Completing a datasheet does not guarantee data quality.
Singh, Cobbe and Norval · 2019 · EN
An approach to tracing data flows through decisions and connected systems.
Important prior work for ArtiProof's provenance and accountability questions.
Conceptual and technical approach; traceability alone does not establish that a decision is justified.
Eamon Duede · 2023 · EN
Examines the role of opaque deep-learning systems in scientific discovery.
Challenges an overly simple equation between opacity and unjustified knowledge.
Philosophical argument rather than an ArtiProof test.
EIOPA · EN
Official overview of DORA and links to the associated regulatory instruments.
Helps readers place the ArtiProof application within the wider supervisory and regulatory framework.
An overview and navigation source; consult the applicable legal texts for exact obligations. The page changes over time.
UK AI Security Institute · EN
Research on conversational AI and political knowledge.
A useful positive comparison alongside studies of AI information errors.
Different tasks and outcomes from the EBU study; do not treat the two as directly equivalent.
European Commission · 2024 · EN
Technical standards for policy on ICT contracts supporting critical or important functions. Article 10 addresses documented exit plans and their review and testing.
Provides a concrete legal reference for examining whether supplier transitions preserve usable operational understanding.
Applies within its defined regulatory scope. The knowledge-transfer questions proposed by ArtiProof are additional interpretations, not new legal duties.
FSMA · EN
Belgian supervisor’s index of DORA legislation, including ICT contracts, the information register and incident-reporting instruments.
A practical route from the DORA whitepaper to primary instruments relevant to Belgian financial entities.
An index does not settle an entity’s obligations. Check the linked instruments, applicable scope and current supervisory guidance.
European Parliament and Council · 2022 · EN
EU legislation on digital operational resilience for the financial sector, covering ICT risk, incidents, testing and third-party dependencies.
The legal starting point for the DORA whitepaper, including existing duties concerning knowledge, training, recovery and responsibility.
Scope, proportionality, amendments and secondary legislation matter. An ArtiProof review does not establish DORA compliance.
John Hardwig · 1985 · EN
A classic discussion of dependence on other people's expertise.
Reminds readers that dependence on knowledge they cannot personally reconstruct predates AI.
Philosophical article. Full-text access may require a subscription.
European Union · 2024 · EN
The official published text of the EU AI Act.
Use the official record for legal references rather than a third-party summary.
Links to the original act. Consult EUR-Lex's current consolidated text for amendments and applicability.
METR · 2026 · EN
Lessons from evaluating what people can do with AI assistance.
Useful for thinking about task-based comparisons and experimental design.
Study-team account in a specialised domain; no direct transfer of effect estimates.
Full Fact · EN
Technology supporting professional fact-checking work.
Shows an established approach to finding and checking public claims.
Organisation's own description; not an independent performance audit.
Brynjolfsson, Li & Raymond · 2025 · EN
A field study of AI assistance among customer-support agents reports productivity gains, with differences across workers.
A positive counterweight: AI can help spread useful practice, so knowledge loss should not be assumed.
Staggered deployment in one business setting; neither a universal productivity forecast nor validation of ArtiProof.
Bastani et al. / PNAS · 2025 · EN
A randomised school experiment separating AI-assisted practice from subsequent unassisted performance. Tutor safeguards mitigated the adverse learning effect.
Makes retained capability and the design of AI assistance testable questions.
One Turkish high school and short-term maths outcomes; not a general estimate for adult workplaces. The publisher records an author-affiliation correction.
Spotify Engineering · 2023 · EN
Practical advice on making health checks useful for a team.
A close comparator for light-touch team reflection and knowledge conversations.
Practitioner experience; self-ratings are not objective measures of competence.
UNDP / Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Knowledge Foundation · 2025 · EN
Compares national knowledge systems through indicators covering education, research, technology, the economy and their wider environment.
A useful comparison for the society paper: national knowledge conditions and the ability to sustain a specific function are different questions.
An aggregate index, not a direct measure of operational knowledge fitness. The report is the 2025 edition; the linked publication page is dated February 2026.
Hawkins et al. · 2021 · EN
Guidance for structuring machine-learning assurance arguments.
An existing assurance approach worth comparing with ArtiProof's proposed contribution.
Technical guidance/author report; its existence does not validate either method.
Stichting INK · NL
An established Dutch-language organisational development model.
Provides a local-language comparison for management, learning and improvement.
The framework's own description is not independent evidence of effectiveness.
ISO/IEC · 2023 · EN
An AI management-system standard for organisations.
Helps distinguish AI management requirements from ArtiProof's research proposition.
Paid standard; public overview checked. Inclusion does not imply certification.
ISO · 2016 · EN
Principles for creating, capturing and managing records.
Useful for separating records, metadata and controls from broader knowledge capability.
Paid standard; public overview only.
Soderstrom & Bjork / UCLA · 2015 · EN
Explains why immediate task performance can diverge from lasting learning.
Supports assessing retention and transfer, rather than assuming successful assisted work proves independent capability.
Review of learning research, not a study of generative AI or ArtiProof.
Mitchell et al. · 2019 · EN
Structured documentation of a model's intended uses and performance.
A concrete example of making scope and limitations visible.
Author copy; conference publication 2019, preprint first posted 2018. Documentation is not validation.
European Broadcasting Union · 2025 · EN
An assessment of AI assistants' handling of news information.
A concrete case for questions about sources, accuracy and uncertainty.
Findings concern the tested systems, dates and tasks, not a permanent error rate for all AI.
NIST · 2024 · EN
Risk-management guidance focused on generative AI.
Useful for connecting knowledge-quality questions with existing GenAI risk practice.
Voluntary guidance; actions must be adapted to the application and its risks.
NIST · 2023 · EN
A voluntary framework for identifying and managing AI risks.
Gives readers an established reference alongside ArtiProof's narrower knowledge questions.
A voluntary risk framework; using it does not guarantee correct outcomes or compliance.
NIST · EN
Suggested actions for putting the AI RMF into practice.
A practical starting point for readers who want actions and questions.
Living guidance with selectable actions, not an exhaustive checklist for every use.
NIST · Joint Task Force · 2022 · EN
A methodology and adaptable procedures for assessing security and privacy controls, with assessment planning and analysis of results.
An established comparator for evidence-based assessment: ArtiProof should explain its added value alongside competent existing assurance practice.
Its subject is security and privacy controls. It is not a general knowledge-assurance standard. The official page also identifies later release updates.
Zhu et al. · 2026 · EN
Distinguishes dependent and autonomous offloading to generative AI.
A useful counterweight to treating all AI assistance as lost capability.
Three-wave self-report study, mostly young Chinese students; perceived capability is not demonstrated skill. Associations do not establish causation.
Jakob Ortmann · 2025 · EN
Argues that AI dependence need not create a novel problem for social epistemology.
An especially valuable challenge to novelty claims around AI and epistemic dependence.
A philosophical counterargument, not an endorsement or empirical validation of ArtiProof.
Fraunhofer ISI · 2023 · EN
Project description explaining the concepts and patent, trade and production data behind research on open strategic autonomy.
Makes the research setting behind the JRC report visible and helps compare what different autonomy measures actually observe.
Background to the same research project as the JRC report; it is not independent corroboration or a separate validation study.
James P. Walsh & Gerardo Rivera Ungson · Academy of Management Review · 1991 · EN
Develops a framework for organisational memory and the acquisition, retention and retrieval of information.
Provides established concepts for examining what organisations preserve and how retained information becomes available for later work.
Conceptual foundation, not a direct test of knowledge recovery or ArtiProof. The publisher abstract was checked; full-text access may be restricted.
OECD / Eurostat · 2018 · EN
Chapter 6 describes knowledge flows, collaboration and their measurement across firms and other innovation actors.
Provides established concepts for investigating knowledge exchange between companies, education and research in a sector.
Statistical guidance for innovation measurement. Knowledge flows do not by themselves demonstrate dependable knowledge or recovery capability.
Google SRE · EN
A practical approach to learning from incidents without a blame-centred process.
Connects operational experience, evidence and corrective action.
Operational practice guidance; implementation and context still matter.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine · 2019 · EN
Distinguishes recomputing results with the same data from testing a scientific question with new data.
Clarifies what evidence an independent replication claim should describe.
Terminology differs between disciplines. This consensus report does not establish that any ArtiProof study has been replicated.
Algoritmekader / Nederlandse overheid · NL
Dutch public-sector guidance on meaningful human intervention in algorithmic decision-making.
Useful prompts about competence, information and authority to intervene.
Jurisdiction- and context-specific guidance; a human sign-off alone does not demonstrate effective oversight.
SFIA Foundation · EN
A practical distinction between knowing something and being able to apply it.
Useful vocabulary for knowledge-transfer and capability discussions.
Professional framework guidance; do not turn it into an unvalidated team score.
Haridimos Tsoukas · Strategic Management Journal · 1996 · EN
Argues that organisational knowledge is dispersed, situated and continually emerging; no single actor can fully oversee it.
Challenges overly complete knowledge inventories and helps keep proposed knowledge maps bounded and revisable.
A conceptual argument. It does not imply that every dependency map is useless or that a specific mapping method has been tested.
Lee et al. / Microsoft Research · 2025 · EN
A study of reported critical-thinking effort among knowledge workers using GenAI.
Connects AI confidence, verification work and human judgement.
Self-report survey; not proof of causal or long-term skill loss.
Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland · 2020 · EN
The official definition of Scrum.
An established baseline for inspection, adaptation and team learning.
An additional knowledge review is not a required Scrum event. The guide is not an effectiveness study.
Helen Longino / Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy · EN
An introduction to the social organisation of scientific knowledge and criticism.
Provides a foundation for understanding why organised criticism matters.
Philosophical reference; no claim that any particular review process is effective.
Michael Polanyi · University of Chicago Press · 2009 · EN
A classic account of tacit knowing: practical understanding includes elements that cannot be fully put into words. Originally published in 1966.
A foundation and corrective for discussing Craft Knowledge without treating expertise as merely undocumented information.
The linked 2009 edition is a publisher description, not an open full text. No complete-book review is claimed here.
Buçinca, Malaya & Gajos · 2021 · EN
An experiment testing interventions that require people to think before accepting AI advice.
Turns human oversight into a question about actual behaviour and interface design.
A 199-participant experiment in a specific task; reduced overreliance came with usability trade-offs and unequal benefits.
Michelle Vaccaro, Abdullah Almaatouq & Thomas W. Malone · Nature Human Behaviour · 2024 · EN
Synthesises experiments comparing humans alone, AI alone and combined systems; outcomes vary by task and comparison.
Challenges the assumption that adding human involvement automatically improves AI-supported performance and reinforces the need for appropriate comparators.
The studies cover particular tasks, systems and populations. Aggregate findings are not an effect estimate for ArtiProof or every current AI system.
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We select sources that clarify a concrete knowledge question, credit existing work or offer a serious challenge. Standards, practical advice, philosophical arguments and empirical studies carry different kinds of evidence. Inclusion implies no partnership, certification or validation of ArtiProof.
KopKen inspired part of this selection. This library has its own focus on organisational knowledge, evaluation and justified reliance. KopKen →
Link checks concern access, not the truth of every claim. The commentary is an editorial summary, not a systematic review or full methodological assessment.
Editorially revised: .
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